Wednesday, 9 November 2005
299-11

This presentation is part of: Phosphorus Chemistry in Soils: III. P Fluxes in Managed Systems

Calcium Carbonate Levels in Soil Influence Phosphorus Runoff.

Ronald Schierer, Jessica Davis, Jerrell Lemunyon, and Clinton Truman.

Phosphorus runoff research has been limited on soils that are calcareous to the surface. We followed the National P Runoff Protocol using rainfall simulation to develop a relationship between soil test P levels and runoff P losses on three Great Plains calcareous agricultural soils in Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Each site had eight treatments with two replications. Manure was applied at 8 rates varying from 0 to 270 Mg ha-1. The rainfall simulation was applied at 70 mm hr-1 for one hour. Soil samples taken during characterization measured calcium carbonate concentrations varying from 1% to 9% by weight. The following soil sampling and analysis procedures were found to be optimum for estimation of the soil test P to runoff P relationship : soil sampling at 0-5 cm before rainfall simulation outside the sub-plot frame, using total dissolved phosphorus as the runoff analysis method and Mehlich-3 as the soil test phosphorus method. We also developed a multi-step regression analysis, which estimates total dissolved phosphorus concentration in runoff from the Mehlich-3 soil test P and the percent calcium carbonate by weight with an R-square value of 0.92. Phosphorus saturation was estimated for the three soils, and the relationship of the square root of the percent saturation as a function of the P added per treatment was determined. The Kim soil with the highest calcite concentration sorbed the most phosphorus; however, this resulted in the lowest percentage of P saturation in the soil due to the high Ca concentration. A soil with higher calcium carbonate percent by weight can sorb or be a sink for manure-P when applied to the soil. This ability to sorb P is only effective at reducing the total dissolved P in runoff, and the sediment P needs to be controlled with soil erosion practices.

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